A Plea for Help in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - 1563 Words

Many people believe that eating disorders are a product of the twentieth century, brought on by teenage girls aspiring to be supermodels like Cindy Crawford. Although such pressures are precipitating factors to many eating disorders, doctors diagnosed patients with anorexia as early as 1689 (Spignesi 7). One early example of anorexia is present in the novel Jane Eyre. Written in the mid-nineteenth century by Charlotte Brontà «, this book describes a young girl whose personality bears striking similarities with that of a diagnosed anorexic. The life of the main character, Jane, has also been shown to share innumerable similarities with Brontà «s own life. Biographical information from researchers and autobiographical information from†¦show more content†¦. . anxious at social events and unable to easily establish close relationships (288). Other characteristics that Burns shares with anorexics include her attempts to please and rebelling through non-vocal measures. Burns po ssession of these tell-tale signs strongly suggests that she might have an eating disorder. Of all the characters in Jane Eyre, the one whose personality most resembles that of someone with an eating disorder is Jane herself. Janes symptoms start in her early childhood. According to Angelyn Spignesi, author of Starving Women: Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa, Traditionally, the mother of the anorexic has seemed to be a bitch. . . . One thing researchers consistently document: the anorexics mother is domineering, demanding, frustrated, and ambitious (39). Although Janes mother has died, the dominant female figure in her life, Mrs. Reed, strongly mirrors these characteristics. As Janes aunt and guardian, Mrs. Reed tries to control the main aspects of her life. Control issues, such as the red room incident (45), are a common scenario in the lives of most anorexics. Jane is forced into a life of near solitude, completely separated from the Reed family, and as Jane herself says, condemned to take my meals alone (59). Like Helen Burns, Jane exhibits classic symptoms of a person with an eating disorder: she is meticulous, scholarly, compulsive, and a perfectionist. She alsoShow MoreRelatedEssay about Finding the Balance of Love and Freedom in Jane Eyre1339 Words   |  6 PagesSimilar to many of the great feministic novels of its time, Jane Eyre purely emerges as a story focused on the quest for love. The novel’s protagonist, Jane, searches not only for the romantic side of love, but ultimately for a sense of self-worth and independence. Set in the overlapping times of the Victorian and Gothic periods, the novel touches upon both women’s supposed rights, and their inner struggle for liberty. 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Was The First Emperor Of Rome So A Good Thing - 1214 Words

According to many historians Augustus was not only the first emperor of Rome but also the greatest. During his long and impressive career Augustus dissolved the faulty governmental system of the Republic and created a new basis of Roman government that stood for three centuries. On his death bed Augustus was purported to have said: â€Å"Did I play my part well?† Through examination of his reforms of the Roman tax and legal system, as well as his role in creating the Pax Romana and a stable military it is evident that Augustus’s reing and reformes was a good thing. The success of the Roman Empire in the centuries after Augustus reign may be attributed to his public revenue reforms. Previous taxation worked by extracting varying and random†¦show more content†¦Tax farmers could receive great profits from privatising tax as without supervision they had the ability to cruelly and corruptly extract from taxpayers. Extractions often considered of an unjustified amount and were incredibly harmful to the economy. Augustus sought the abolishment of private tax farmers and replaced them with civil service tax collectors. These individuals received a salary for their work to ensure they completed a good and honest job. Together these tax reforms not only created a boost in Rome’s net worth but also created a happier populace who perceived fair treatment from their government. Augustus legal reforms established a Roman government that lasted for 3 centuries. His new system was termed the ‘Principate’ (Augustus et al., 1967). By the end of Caeasr’s life the Roman Republic has not been functioning for many years. Upon Sextus Pompeius defeat in 36 BC Augustus declared that all the records of his past acts should be destroyed (Augustus et al., 1967). He was starting over and so began to form the Principate. He began his reform of the Roman Empire’s administration by moving the senate from being the chief of state to being a subordinate entity of administrators that were at Augustus’s disposal. To prevent uprising from the senate Augustus complimented this move by creating ‘suffect consulships, a supplementary consulship’ (Flower, 2004). This almost doubled the amount of consuls,

Development and Efficiency of Business Method

Question: Discuss about the Development and Efficiency of Business Method. Answer: Introduction There are various organizations that function in the modern world with the aim of earning profit and maintaining a strong market share. The organizations functioning in the current economy try to maintain their share in the market by attracting new customers and retaining the existing customers with the help of quality products and services. It is known that the organizations strategize their business plans according to the changing tastes and preferences of the consumers and therefore, the companies analyze the market to stay updated with the requirements of the consumers. Retail market is one of the most demanding sector in the economy and therefore, the firms construct retail management programs to properly guide their operational activity. Retailing is a set of business operations that provides value to the services and products that are sold to the customers for their family or personal use. An effective retail market involves proper identification of the target along with the retail mix that are undertaken by an organization (Kim, Mauborgne 2014). The firms need to choose an ideal target market where there is a demand for the product or service that are provided by the firm. The current report is prepared with respect to Winners Merchant International L.P, which is a subsidiary of TJX Companies operating in Canada. The firm is a renowned off-price departmental stores that provides branded products like footwear, apparel, clothing, furniture, jewellery etc for the consumers of Canada (Koncar Lekovic 2016). The organization is an off-price store that offers extensive discount to their customers on various branded products. The discounts offered by the firm attracts new and potential customers and thereby raising the brand value and revenue for the organization. The paper concentrates on the target market and the retail mix strategy that are undertaken by the company in order to increase their sales and the criticisms they face with respect to their retail mix strategy from other researchers and analysts. This section of the paper critically analyzes the target market, retail mix strategy and the criticisms faced by the organization with respect to their retail mix strategy from various sources in order to undertake further improvements. The word target market refers to the strategy undertaken by any firm in order to focus on a specific group of consumers and identify their needs and preferences and accordingly manufacture the product and services and place them in the targeted market in order to increase the sales and revenue of the firm (Liu et al., 2016). Winners Merchant International L.P dictates the market for off-price apparel. It is seen that the company even owns two of the largest discount retail chains namely TJ Maxx and Marshalls. The company has created a record with respect to operational excellence and judicious growth thereby increasing the wealth of the shareholder (Baker 2014). Winners Merchant International L.P has a simple formula for selecting the target market. It is known that the company sells branded products at more than 20%-60% discounts with respect to the prices of other departmental stores. They provide such massive discounts by purchasing the clothes and other apparels in bunch, which offers discount to the firm (Pashupati et al., 2016). The firm on the other hand, transfers a part of this discount to the consumers by offering them a massive discount. The organization concentrates on the overall demographics of the country as the products they sell are of various kinds. In particular, the firm tries to target women ranging between 25-54 years old who belong to low to higher income group. The organization does not have a particularly innovative or groundbreaking target market strategy, but it does a reasonable job in reverberating with the target customers. It is seen that in the last six months, the company has undertaken immense promotional st rategies in order to attract new and potential customers (Smith 2016). Winners predominantly focus on women as most of the products offered by them useful to women. Winners being an off price departmental store has variety of products under one roof. Therefore, consumers who are need of purchasing goods for their families get all their desired products in one shop. The discount offered by Winners is actually strategized to attract lower income group into their customer line as low price of a branded product induces the lower income people to be their potential customers for purchasing quality products at a reasonable price (Shamsie 2016). The company runs an integrated marketing effort for their brands in TJ Maxx, Marshall and Home Sense that has an impact on the mindset of the consumers with respect to the need for value. The subsidiaries of Winners Merchant International have different target market as their area of expertise are different. Home Sense provides home accessories like furniture and home goods for the consumers at a reasonable price and therefore, they attract newly married couples who are settling their new family. Extensive discounts to the newly married couples on furniture and other household products increases the sales and revenue for the organization. TJ Maxx deals with apparels and clothes sells fashionable and trendy outfits in their stores offering huge discount on international and renowned brands (Dibb Simkin 2016). Therefore, they concentrate on targeting the teenagers and the young adults who wear such outfits to look attractive and trendy. Marshall another brand of Winners Merchant International L.P mainly sell fashion, footwear, cosmetics and other household items. Their target market constitutes of the entire demography as the products they deliver can be consumed by anyone. The organization try to attract people from the moderate income group and mainly women as the products offered by the firm are mainly useful for them (Ulwick et al., 2016). Winners target the whole economy as their market as they offer variety of products for sale that can be handy to everyone (Grant 2016). The company being an off-price store offers extensive discounts on branded products and therefore, attracts new customers that leads to the increase in market share and profit for the organization. The retail mix of the company has been identified in form of the factors ranging from goods and services offered location, pricing and the various types of the personnel needs. Goods and services offered Some of the main products of the company have been identified in form of various types of products Clothing, footwear, furniture, jewellery, beauty products, toys, house wares and bedding products. The main products have been identified in form of opening the first off price store, which has been setup in Canada in 1982. Since 2001, the company has been seen to collaborate with Home Sense, which is identified as one of the leading home accessory. The company has been seen to deal in this along with brands such as Dylex in 2001. It has been further identified that the various types the other products offered by the company has been directly been seen in terms of premium brand of the clothings line of items. This has been identified in Marshalls, which is seen to offer varied range of merchandise to consumer who is looking for fashionable products (Terblanche, 2017). Being an off price retailer Marshalls is able to offer value to the consumers in terms of offering various range of the products in a clothing item. It has been further seen that Marshalls is able to deliver 20% to 60% discount in the various types of the clothing items. Hence, unlike the regular departmental stores, the brands under the Winners are not seen to involve in any promotion or sales operation. The main pricing strategy of TJX has been further identified to be a low cost structure strategy (Litvin Rosene, 2016). This has allowed the savings to customers and brings profit to the shareholders at the same time. It has been further observed that the company has been seen to manage the various types of the resources in form of the avoiding the costly markdowns. The various types of the inventory has been able to get the advantage of careful quantization of the cost components so that the consumers are able to reap the most benefit out of the different types of the items which are seen to be available with the company. The key statistics of TJX has been able to show that the company has been able to contribute with total revenue of $ 21.58, net income of $ 1.48, EPS of $ 3.40 and net margin of 6.6 %. It has been further discerned that the various types of the pricing strategy set by the company has been able to maintain return on capital of 38% (Antoni Basso, 2016). Some of the more number of the variations in the company has been further observed in terms of the discounts, which are offered in the special occasions. In addition to this the company is seen to use a clever technology of tracking the personal needs of the consumers and further relating the different aspects of the needs which are seen to be related to the providing the discounts by relating the various types of discounts with the personal life events of the potential buyers (Cachinho, 2014). Personnel Needs The various types the strategies adopted by the company to meet the personal needs of the company has been identified in terms of the being staying up to date with the different range of the clothing items as well as the home furnishing needs. It has been further observed that the various types of the products offered by the company has been to relate to the various necessities of the consumers and the brand of products they want to deal. In regards to this, the company has been seen to follow a progressive strategy in which it has been able to identify the various types of the requirements which has been seen in terms of the trends analysis for depicting the various types of short term and long term needs. The main location of the company is ideal to attract large number of customers. The customers of the company based in Canada have been seen to respond positively in terms of the various types of the products such as toys, bedding, clothing and footwear. The specialty departmental stores situated in Canada have been seen to be the most contributing factor towards the sales of the company. It has been further observed that the company is seen to deal with various line of items of the products in US market also. Hence, these two location of the market of the company has been seen to be conducive in drawing more number of the customers and in generating more amount of the sales for the company (Berens, 2015).. The most dominating market of the store has been observed with 255 departmental stores situated in Canada and the company is able to provide the most amount of the price off in this region. It has been further observed that the company is able to get a sales of more than 60% from t he stores located in Canada itself (Reference. 2017). Critique on the retailers mix As per the different types of the analysis based on the marketing and the financial perspectives the company has been seen to own more than 1700 stores both in US and Canada. Despite of contribution of 61% in the previous there has been seen to be several scope of improvement for the company to be made in terms of customer sourcing ad and increasing the financials. It has been further observed that the company needs to take considerable step in reducing the various level debts taken by the company. It has been further observed that the company has the ability to support the various types of the new openings in TJX. The important considerations made by thee company have been further identified in terms of increasing the sales abroad. As per the latest operations of the company, it is already able to contribute to the various types of the business operations present n Canada. The various types of the expansion plans taken by the company will be conducive in increasing the sales abroad. It has been further seen that the company can increase its range of the products and introduce more number of items in its products. Some of these items has been able to be seen with the inclusion of sunglasses and watches (Imran et al., 2013). By collaborating with companies such DKNY, Police and Casio, the company will be able to have the scope to include broader range of the items in its product line. It has been further discerned that the various types of the opportunities of the company has been seen in terms of the focusing on the higher age group of the consumers. The different types of the other opportunities have been identified in terms of the expansion in the EU stores of TJX. Winners Merchants International has been further seen to improve the different types of the operations of the company in the (Homsense Ingene Takahashi, 2014). The company can consider introducing more amounts of brands to this section. The different types of the other growth opportunities have be en able to be further discerned in form of looking for new expansion opportunities in the Asian Market. The different types of the other consideration can be made in seeking for in joint ventures in EU, US and Canada market (Warnaby Medway, 2017). Recommendation The main form of the recommendation has been identified in form of customer sourcing ad and increasing the financials. It has been further observed that the company needs to take considerable step in reducing the various level debts taken by the company. The main form of the recommendation has been discerned in form of making more avenue to introduce departmental store. It has been also observed that the Winners Merchants International can go into more number of collaborations for seeking for new areas of profit. Conclusion The different aspects of the study have been able to provide a comprehensive report on the Winners Merchants International. The important discussions made in the study has been able to Identify the its target market, provide the relevant description on the retail mix. This has been seen in term of the various types of the discussions related to factors ranging from goods and services offered location, pricing and the various types of the personnel needs. The main discussions made in this section have been able to focus on the important aspects of the research which are seen to discuss on the existing brands of the company such as Homesense, Marshalls and Tjx Style. The latter part of the report has been able to emphasize on the growth opportunities has seen in terms of areas for potential improvement in retailers mix. The final part of the report has been able to provide recommendations; including improving the operations of the company in Europe and looking new market penetration in the Asian market. Reference List Antoni, V. L., Basso, K. (2016). Expectations concerning retail: a study of clothing and shoe consumers at the bottom of the social pyramid.Revista Brasileira de Gesto de Negcios,18(62), 593. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Berens, J. S. (2015). The Marketing Mix, the Retailing Mix and the Use of Retail Strategy Continua. InProceedings of the 1983 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 323-327). Springer International Publishing. Cachinho, H. (2014). Consumerscapes and the resilience assessment of urban retail systems.Cities,36, 131-144. Dibb, S., Simkin, L. (2016). Market Segmentation and Segment Strategy.Marketing Theory: A Student Text, 251. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Imran, M., Ghani, U., Rehman, K. U. (2013). Consumer perception of store image and store loyalty.Journal of Managerial Sciences Volume VII Number,1, 76. Ingene, C. A., Takahashi, I. (2014, July). structural determinants of the rate of change of japanese retail market potential: 19912007. In2014 Global Marketing Conference at Singapore(pp. 334-338). Kim, W. C., e Mauborgne, R. (2014).Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Koncar, J., Lekovic, S. (2016). The Role of Retail Strategy in the Development and Efficiency of Business on the Global Electronic Market.Strategic Management,21(4), 22-28. Litvin, S. W., Rosene, J. T. (2016). Revisiting Main Street: Balancing Chain and Local Retail in a Historic Citys Downtown.Journal of Travel Research, 0047287516652237. Liu, Q., Qiu, L. D., Li, Z. (2016). Foreign acquisitions in China and multinationals global market strategy.Review of Development Economics,20(1), 87-100. Pashupati, K., Morse, D., Ellis, A. (2016, January). Can a total market ad strategy appeal to multiple ethnic groups? The impact of model ethnicity and ethnic affiliation on ad perceptions among hispanic, african american and caucasian consumers. InAmerican Academy of Advertising. Conference. Proceedings (Online)(p. 212). American Academy of Advertising. Reference. (2017).What is the definition of "retail mix?". [online] Available at: https://www.reference.com/business-finance/definition-retail-mix-9e454d5901ea6116# [Accessed 19 Mar. 2017]. Shamsie, J. (2016). Focus Strategy. InThe Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management(pp. 1-2). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Smith, T. J. (2016). Business Strategy Alignment.Pricing Done Right: The Pricing Framework Proven Successful by the World's Most Profitable Companies, 35-54. Terblanche, N.S., 2017. Customer involvement, retail mix elements and customer loyalty in two diverse retail environments. InThe Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientationsin a Dynamic Business World(pp. 795-804). Springer, Cham. Ulwick, A. W., Bettencourt, L., Norman, R., Wood, U., Haynes III, J. M. (2016).U.S. Patent Application No. 15/289,510. Verhoef, P. C., Kannan, P. K., Inman, J. J. (2015). From multi-channel retailing to omni-channel retailing: introduction to the special issue on multi-channel retailing.Journal of retailing,91(2), 174-181. Warnaby, G., Medway, D. (2017). Telling the story of a street: micro-retail change in Manchester from the 1960s.History of Retailing and Consumption, 1-7.

The Bargaining Power of Supplier of Mcdonalds free essay sample

McDonalds Supply Chain Challenges and its Potential impacts 14 Even stronger focus on freshness and quality 14 On-going product innovations 15 Strong customer demand fluctuations based on promotions 16 Order- and inventory management restaurant – DC – supplier raw material supplier 18 Bull Whip effect 19 Change Management in a de- centralized structure 20 Methods for Solve Problems 20 Build the quality supervised system 20 Build the detailed Ramp;amp;D process 22 Improve the level of marketing promotion and forecast 23 Build the direct supply system 25 Build the decentralized structure 26 Recommendation 27 Conclusion 28 References 29 Introduction In this report, our team chooses to delve into the success of the global company- McDonalds. McDonalds is one of the most well known brands in the world. The objective of this report is to understand how supply chain management applied into real business in McDonalds. We will through the problems mainly analysis supply chain in McDonalds and its significance in real life and also will explain the successful reason of McDonalds how to use supply chain in their business. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bargaining Power of Supplier of Mcdonalds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McDonalds are a multinational firm and their subsidiary company throughout all over the world, so McDonalds should have a perfect supply chain. McDonalds Background McDonalds is one of only a handful of brands that command instant recognition in virtually every country in the world. McDonalds is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving nearly 47 million customers visiting it per day through more than 31,000 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide. McDonalds sells various fast food items and soft drinks including hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, salads, fries, breakfast items and ice cream desserts. Many McDonalds restaurants have included a playground for children and advertising geared toward to children. Company has expansion of McDonalds into many international markets; the company has become a symbol of globalization and the spread of the American way of life. It also expanded the McDonalds menu in recent decades to include alternative meal options like salads and snack wraps in order to capitalize on growing consumer interest in health and wellness. Each McDonalds restaurants is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate or the corporation itself. The corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company- operated restaurants. McDonalds Strategy McDonalds marketing strategy is concerned with the internal resources, external environment and its basic competencies along with its share holders. McDonalds strategy to develop its global workforce is designed to be aligned with and support the execution of its over- arching strategic business goal, which is amp;amp;quot;to become everyones favorite place and way to eatamp;amp;quot;. McDonalds current strategy is to further promote the image of healthy food that can be found at amp;amp;quot;New or Re- modeled McDonalds. amp;amp;quot; McDonalds new strategy of presenting its restaurants as the convenient place where healthy food can be found is in line with its recent attempts to create a healthier image for itself. The corporation is planning other menu changes, such as switching to a cinnamon roll and a sausage burrito as its core breakfast offering, while bagels would become an alternative item. Some chain that individuals amp;amp;quot;confront a future of acce lerating McDonaldization. amp;amp;quot; These changes are part of its strategy to offer a range of choices that support a balanced lifestyle, thus to attract new clients and retain old ones. McDonalds Business Process Supply chain business process integration involves collaborative work between buyers and suppliers, joint product development, common systems and shared information. According to Lambert and Cooper operating an integrated supply chain requires continuous information flows, which in turn assist to achieve the best product flows. However, in many companies, management has reached the conclusion that optimizing the product flows cannot be accomplished without implementing a process approach to the business. The key critical supply business processes in McDonalds will comb following processes: Customer service management Customer relationship management concerns the relationship between the organization and its customers. Customer service provides the source of customer information. It also provides the customer with real- time information on promising dates and product availability through interfaces with the McDonalds companys production and distribution operations. Procurement process Strategic plans are developed with suppliers to support the manufacturing low management process and development of new products. In firms where operations extend globally, like McDonalds it sourcing should be managed on a global basis. Activities related to obtaining products and materials from outside suppliers requires performing resource planning, supply sourcing, negotiation, order placement, inbound transportation, storage, handling and quality assurance, many of which include the responsibility to coordinate with suppliers in scheduling, supply continuity, hedging, and research into new sources or programmes. Product development and commercialization Here, customers and suppliers must be united into the product development process, thus to reduce time to market. The appropriate products must be developed and successfully launched in ever shorter time- schedules to remain competitive. Manufacturing flow management process The manufacturing process is produced and supplies products to the distribution channels based on past forecasts. Manufacturing processes must be flexible to respond to market changes, and must accommodate mass customization. Orders are processes operating on a just- in- time (JIT) basis in minimum lot sizes. It also changes in the manufacturing flow process lead to shorter cycle times, meaning improved responsiveness and efficiency of demand to customers. Physical distribution This concerns movements of a finished products or service to customers. In physical distribution, the customer is the final destination of a marketing channel, and the availability of the product or service is a vital part of each channel participants marketing effort. It is also through the physical distribution process that the time and space of customer service become an integral part of marketing, thus it will link a marketing channel with its customers. For example, links manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. Outsourcing/ partnerships This is not just outsourcing the procurement of materials and components, but it also outsourcing of services that traditionally have been provided in- house. Manage and control partners and suppliers require a blend of both central and local involvement. Hence, strategic decisions need to be taken entrally with the monitoring and control of supplier performance and day- to- day liaison with logistics partners being best managed at local level. Performance measurement Experts found a strong relationship from the largest arcs of supplier and customer integration to market share and profitability. By taking advantage of supplier capabilities and emphasizing a long- term supply chain perspective in customer rela tionships can be both correlated with firm performance. Supply Chain Supply chain is one of the critical factors for the smooth functioning of any business. Supply chains most- often show where different product components are sourced. There are two key components to the fast food industry supply chain. On the one hand, raw materials are essential to the ultimate product. More importantly, though, the value- added component of the supply chain comes primarily from the services provided by quick, convenient, and quality establishments. The value- added from the supplier to producer right through to the retailer and the final customer. The most important aspect of the industry supply chain is that it is driven by the consumer. The consumer has what seems to be an endless amount of fast food chains to choose from every day. The best example is Burger King and McDonalds they all have excellent marketing departments and that is why they are all on the rise in todays market. The main goal of their marketing is to make the consumer drive that extra two blocks past the competitor to eat at their chain. McDonalds Supply Chain McDonalds was aware that supply chain management was undoubtedly the most important factor for funning its restaurants successfully. McDonalds supply chain is extensive and complex. Its very efficient, which is why McDonalds are able to consistently offer their customers safe and quality food at an affordable price. But theres more to the equation. McDonalds supply chain contributes positively to the safety, quality, and availability of their final products. They also want their product ingredients to be produced in ways that can contribute positively to the development of sustainable agricultural and food manufacturing practices. McDonalds have a large umber of direct suppliers- companies that make or deliver final products for their restaurants- even McDonalds have larger number of indirect suppliers- companies and farms that grow or process the ingredients that are eventually delivered to their direct suppliers. (Figure1. 1) Figure1. 1 Supplier performance index Import Breath of supply process control equipment No direct control over issues, positive influence by raising questions, bring people to the table and encouraging improvement the McDonalds supply chain. A supply chain driven by point- of- sale date needs a consensus forecast for all stakeholders in the chain- including suppliers, distribution centers and restaurants. Indirect suppliers are primary processing; direct suppliers belong to distribution centers. The distribution centers are the second stage (second echelon, thus making more than one echelon, hence the name, multi- echelon) where safety stock is held. Distribution centers have optimized inventories, and increased product availability and freshness. For example, Quaker, Kraft, Keebler, Carnation, Keystone Foods, J. R. Simplot Co, Coca Cola and Tyson Foods all these suppliers will ship to a distribution centers. These distribution centers include everything from food products to cleaning supplies to replacement parts. Individual stores only make one phone call to re- stock the entire store. When all these suppliers ship to distribution centers and the final step is ship these items to McDonalds restaurants. (Figure 1. 2) Figure 1. 2 McDonalds so successful and their supply chain so efficient is that they then take that technology and share it with the rest of their suppliers so that they can all grow together and create better products. McDonalds Supply Chain in Indian McDonald initiative to set up an efficient supply chain and deploy state-of-art technology changed the entire Indian fast food industry and raised the standards of performance to international levels such McDonalds has worked in the supply chain, their first to open the joint first in McDonalds, brand overseas, which are trying to make, inroads in Indias development partners in a manner that will be with companies from the beginning of the success of McDonalds India successfully by providing all he necessary products from domestic to ensure this McDonalds develop local business that can provide the product quality now. McDonalds has a dedicated supply chain in India and the success of McDonalds India was achieved by sourcing all its required products from within the country. McDonalds success in India had been built on four pillars: limited menu, fresh food, fast service and affordable price. Intense competition and demands for a wider menu, drive- th rough and sit- down meals- encouraged the fast food giant to customize product variety without hampering the efficacy of its supply chain. Today, McDonalds India works with 38 different suppliers based on a long term and several multiple other stand alone restaurants for the needs of many McDonalds distribution centers in India comes in the following order Noida and Kalamboli (Mumbai) in 1996, Bangalore in 2004 and the last one in Kolkata (2007) McDonalds entering the first distribution cooperation agreement in food- related service business. Between 1992 and 1996, when McDonalds opened its first outlet in India, it worked frenetically to put the perfect supply chain in place. McDonalds spent a few years setting up a unique Cold Chain and it was one of the unique concepts of McDonalds supply chain in India, on which it has spent over six years to get systems into place. It trained the local farmers to produce lettuces or potatoes to specifications and worked with a vendor to get the perfect cold chain in place. This system brought about a veritable revolution, immensely benefiting the farmers at one end and enabling customers at retail counters get the highest quality food products, absolutely fresh and at great value. The adoption of clod chain in India could increase the integrity of processed food value chains and reverse post harvest deterioration, which currently sees 40% raw material wastage on an annual basis. McDonalds expands in India, gives the provider the opportunity to expand its business, access to the latest food technology, exposure to advanced agricultural practices and have the ability to grow or export. The Cold Chain is necessary to maintain the integrity of food products and retain their freshness and nutritional value. McDonalds Supply Chain Challenges and its Potential impacts Even stronger focus on freshness and quality To make sure the materials fresh and quality is the biggest challenge for fast food industry. Especially for McDonalds this famous brand that customers will have higher expectation than others. If you get any mistakes on the freshness and quality that will make customers sensitive to take the doubts and do not want to purchase. It will lead our sales and stocks get one big shock. Hence, we are facing the stress that to ensure our products keep freshness and good quality in sustainable. As the potato contingency above suggests in France, the supply chain is one of the most difficult areas to monitor. McDonalds exerts 80-90 percent of its impact on the world from a social responsibility standpoint through its supply chain that they innovative the sustainable supply chain model and use it in the business. When McDonalds purchases beef, for example, it doesnt buy it from a cattle rancher. Typically it is purchased from a supplier—one who takes in raw beef and forms it into beef patties. However, some of suppliers for minimize the costs that try to use the frozen storage of beef to do the beef patties. McDonalds always want try to solve this problem, but it isnt so easy. The company doesnt have any direct business dealings with the rancher. It has to exert influence through intermediaries. On-going product innovations As we know McDonalds has its Ramp;amp;D department for research the new product menu and provide to the customers. The innovation at McDonalds it is extremely unique, while it may be spurred by one of our suppliers, is always shared information with the other suppliers. However, McDonalds has to polling the risk on reveal supply chain management information by these suppliers. However, it is one part of the makeup of our relationship based on trust and mutual respect. There is a lot of pride that goes with being the creator of any particular innovation. Another part reason is for the fast food innovation is very important it not only needs to match the features of the fast food industry and also should use the special characters and tastes to attractive consumers. However, it needs the long lead time and high costs. It will make McDonalds sales goes down and take the fluctuation on the profitability. This is one big challenge in the supply chain that is how to minimize the period of the new emerges out of the old. Strong customer demand fluctuations based on promotions At the above we can find these three pictures show the promotions effects on the sales and indirect to reflect the correlation between demand fluctuations with McDonalds promotion. McDonalds uses the McToys as a sales promotional tool to drive interest and Sales. In their product of Happy Meal among the young children the primary target market of McDonalds gets a sales and demand. Even take the out of stock situation in some periods. The desired marketing effect of offering these toys is to renew interest in the Happy Meal product among young children. The toy serves as a special amp;amp;quot;surpriseamp;amp;quot; for this market upon consumption of the primary contents – the food. However, after these periods the customers especial for the young children will feel boring about our products. Because of the younger always like the fresh things, hence, sometimes it will lead the McDonalds demand take a fluctuations. It not only affects McDonalds sales and also will take the big challenge on the holding costs or loss profits by the out of stock. Order- and inventory management restaurant – DC – supplier raw material supplier McDonalds has one big order and inventory system and supply chain. If want make them in a high efficiency and properly operation, that it needs McDonalds have one correct managerial models and strategies. For example, they need based on the per 100 item sales data to forecast the demand. McDonalds is facing a real stress on the system revolution to make it comes with is very useful farmers at one end and the customer over the counter products sold to the highest quality fresh and value complete. And how to use the laser cooling identity, to make the operation run properly to maintain the freshness and nutritional value of raw materials and processed foods. This involves the purchase of inventory, transportation and food retailers all died under temperature control. And they also should know how to calculate the orders accurate. Hence, is one core challenge in the supply chain management? Bull Whip effect Bullwhip is the Key challenge in McDonalds supply chain. The Bullwhip Effect is a main reason for higher costs and problems in supply chains. It describe how small fluctuations in demand at the client level are augmented as orders pass up the supply chain through distributors, manufacturers, and suppliers. In great variety supply chains, the upstream activities react to forecasts, while somewhere on the downstream part the chain waits for orders to be ade. Think about these two former fast food mottos: amp;amp;quot;We Do it all for youamp;amp;quot; proposed by McDonalds and amp;amp;quot;Have it Your Wayamp;amp;quot; by Burger King. McDonalds makes finished hamburgers amp;amp;quot;to forecastamp;amp;quot; – McDonalds doesnt know when people would come in for consumption, but they make burgers in anticipation. Burger King prefers to wait u ntil customers actually place (customizable) orders before the burgers are made. This is more frequently known as the amp;amp;quot;Build-to-Orderamp;amp;quot; (BTO) model, while McDonalds strategy up to now is called amp;amp;quot;Build to Stockamp;amp;quot; (BTS). Hence, how to utilize this model solve the fluctuation is the real challenge of they need to consider. Change Management in a de- centralized structure McDonalds supply chain system is so simple system that McDonalds supply chain is based on the three-legged stool concept Company – Franchisees – Suppliers. Hence, sometimes it leads the react on the problems more slowly compare with other fast food competitors. Hence, Jack Greenberg, the former accountant who last year was named chief executive of McDonalds Corp orchestrated a management realignment that broke up some of the companys internal cliques and divided the organization into five more autonomous regions, which theoretically will be able to react more quickly to local market conditions. It not benefit for them to expand their global market and react in one short time. The realignment also led to the companys first layoffs ever, which reduced some of the bloat that had built up during the chains aggressive domestic expansion. In mid-1990s the American had taken the things like this. Hence, how to realign the structure and solve the problems taken by this decentralized activity are the key points we need to facing in this part. Methods for Solve Problems Build the quality supervised system Quality has always meant ensuring that our customers receive food products that are the result of the best ingredients, strict standards, and proven preparation procedures to guarantee a safe, great tasting product. Currently, McDonald is facing the challenge on sustainable development on he products freshness and quality. Even they have a well down on this part work; however they still cannot ignore the problems always taken in their working process. Hence, we think McDonald can make one supervised system (as in most areas around the world), McDonalds restaurants always use the network of independently owned distribution centers that buy products from ‘direct suppliers – those suppliers who are involved in the final stage of the food supply chain and provide McDonalds restaurants with finished food products like hamburger patties and buns. These direct suppliers buy the raw ingredients they use to produce our food products from a far more dispersed network of suppliers. Hence, we need to make the three-stage supervised system. Firstly, we can build the department to supervise the original materials that came from our indirect suppliers and set up the direct connect style to keep communicate with them. Secondly, we can set up the supervisor in the logistic department to make them give us feedback about our direct suppliers information and help us to supervise their materials quality and transportation process. Finally, we can hire the professional supervisor in each of restaurants to check the finish goods and deliver goods, if or not match our standard. McDonalds inspection program(QIP) to investigate the quality of more than 20 points the difference in the Cold Chain setting of Cold Chain to enable them to reduce the loss of operating Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is the system to focus on food safety protection in place, suppliers and restaurants rather than check on patients or checking status. Information microorganisms according HACCP, control points and control points important for all McDonalds plant food major department stores in India have been identified; Ltd. has been established for those followed by the audit record and correct the deviation. Build the detailed Ramp;amp;D process Consider the McDonalds situation that should pooling the risk with share the innovation information with suppliers and need one long lead time and high costs. Hence, we want advice them to centralized this system and detailed the tasks of process. First of all, McDonald can build some Ramp;amp;D centers in some important regions. Because of McDonald only have three Ramp;amp;D centers (Hong Kong, Indian, American). For minimize the innovative lead time and react immediate about the market demand, I think they should set up two more centers in European and South American. Secondly, I think they should protect their innovative information to reveal to suppliers. Especially that some direct suppliers have the agreement with McDonald on the innovation part. It will help McDonald less opportunity to make our competitors to capture their achievements. At the restaurant level, McDonald can focus in three areas: Energy conservation – Find further ways to increase energy efficiency in their restaurants in order to save money and reduce our environmental impacts Sustainable packaging and waste management – Continue exploring ways to reduce the environmental impacts of McDonalds consumer packaging and waste in their restaurant operations Green building design – Enhance McDonalds strict building standards to incorporate further opportunities for environmental efficiencies and innovation in the design and construction of McDonalds restaurants If Ramp;amp;D centers need to collect some market information and the materials data, can find the internal employees to take responsible on intelligent information collected. Even though, it looks like the costs will be goes high. However, McDonald will less the opportunity of loss and minimizes the fluctuation lead time to ensure the profitability in one stable level. It is in direct to help McDonald decrease the costs. Improve the level of marketing promotion and forecast For avoid the bullwhip effects and the demand fluctuation by the promotional effects. I think McDonald should improve the level of marketing promotion and forecast. They can hire the promotional designer to plan their activities and promotion. They can base on the holiday and commemoration day to setup the activities and also can design different series Mac toys to do the promotion to meet the customers needs. McDonald also needs to build the technical forecast system and use the reasonable methods to prevent the fluctuation in the sales lead time. McDonald can combine the amp;amp;quot;build to orderamp;amp;quot; and amp;amp;quot;build to stockamp;amp;quot; these to system. Make their forecast more accurate and control the bullwhip effects in one small level. Build to stock is frequently considered as an appropriate solution for high volume products where the demand is either seasonal or easily predicted, or both. This model is more nearly about the McDonalds current situation, because of McDonalds demand is highly in usually. And by the long history experience McDonald has the ability to do the accurate forecast; however McDonald has to consider their special service -24hours. In the midnight there is only few people choice to buy as their midnight snack. Hence, if they follow the amp;amp;quot;build to stockamp;amp;quot; in the midnight period will lead in excess of demand. It will make our costs get waste and cannot provide the fresh and high quality products for the customers who order in the midnight. Some firms build all their products to order while others build them to stock. Build to Order in an automotive context as a demand driven production approach where a product is scheduled and built in response to a confirmed order received for it from a final customer. The final customer refers to a known individual owner and excludes all orders by the original equipment manufacturer OEM, national sales companies [NSC], dealers or point of sales, bulk orders or other intermediaries in the supply chain. Hence, in the McDonalds midnight service is most closed to these conditions. Given the widespread proliferation of products, there are a number of manufacturers taking a hybrid approach, where some items are built to stock and others are built to order. Hence, I think build these to models combine in the supply chain system will help get one sustainable demand and minimize unnecessary loss on costs. Build the direct supply system In MacDonald, there are many direct suppliers to provide the goods and materials that purchase from the indirect suppliers. It will lead the McDonalds costs goes high and the quality of the materials cannot ensure match the standard level. Hence, McDonald can setup the internal direct suppliers. Such as purchase the land to develop the agriculture on planting and farm. They can make the Ramp;amp;D center to take responsible in this part. Go for this way will make McDonald can have one strong control on their materials quality and also can decrease the lead time with the high costs in the supply chain process. By another way is it will immediate to react to the fluctuation in the marketing. The McDonalds Agricultural Assurance Programme (MAAP) is the tool use to assess the agricultural production standards employed in growing the farm products used in the menu. MAAP covers our core agricultural products; including beef, chicken, eggs, ilk, cheese, potatoes, wheat, lettuce, tomatoes and cucumber. The Flagship Farm project builds on our MAAP approach, by identifying some of the progressive farmers in our supply chain that exemplify good practice in their specific area, and are comfortable sharing those good practices. Use this tool to try and ensure the source more products fro m farms that work to higher standards. Build this direct supply system will contribute to McDonald to monitor and control the quality, safety and sustainability of the raw materials entering the supply chain. Build the decentralized structure By the reason of global integration that McDonalds market is keeping expand. Build decentralized structure, and the variability of environmental issues across regions, there is no amp;amp;quot;one size fits allamp;amp;quot; approach. It will provide the breadth and scope of McDonalds supply chain operations at the same time. Compare with their current business scale, the structure system especial for the supply chain part is more centralize. Hence, it will affect the working efficiency and increase the lead time. Hence, to build the decentralized structure in the supply chain system is necessarily. Firstly, they can build the supply chain information system to take responsible on collect the any feedbacks and intelligent information that stay in the supply chain. Secondly, build the network control system in different regions. Can immediate react on the problems taken in the supply chain. Thirdly, setup the communication center to ensure each hierarchy of supply chain can keep the communication just in time. Moreover, setup the transportation system and emergency center. If taken any problems on the supply chain allocate can change the original plan immediately. Finally, build the supervised network to make sure the safety and quality of the process and materials. Recommendation As far as we are concerned the manager should have a clear business philosophy. Supply chain is one very important part especially for the multinational company. The supply chain will decide what products or services of they can offered and which level of sales they can achieve. McDonalds is the famous brand in the fast food industry. Hence, the customers have the high expectation and demand on this brand. Hence, for the future McDonalds it is better to build the global supply chain network. McDonalds can use the advanced electronic tools such as the internet to make all the restaurants share the supply chain information. For different regions it can setup the department to take responsible to manage the problems taken in the supply chain. Normally, the McDonalds products will have the fluctuation period from the promotion start to finish. And it also effect by the local market and economic environment. Hence, this department can control the market information at any time and do the logistic job to the point. Another way McDonald can complete the direct suppliers relation to take the direct controlling on them, less the outsourcing from the external suppliers. It will ensure the materials quality and also will decrease some costs on transportation and materials waste. Moreover we think MacDonald can ask the Ramp;amp;D center to research and develop the supply chain, that take care on how to do the right forecast to minimize the fluctuation and how to improve the working effectively? We believe by McDonalds advanced management system they will have the good development on their supply chain in the future. Conclusion In this report we are mainly talk about the McDonalds supply chain system that also includes their management process, strategy and implementation work. From the analysis we find some problems on the supply chain work that McDonald needs to challenge. Hence, we try to provide some ideas to help McDonald to solve the related problems on the supply chain management work. Thus, under analysis supply chain part, we mainly describe how supply chain used with a business, and introduce strategy and process in McDonalds. We also have a graph to explain how McDonalds use supply chain and use the real case to analysis how McDonalds uses supply chain in Indian and the reason of why it get success in Indian. Therefore, the objective of this seminar is to make a profound qualitative and quantitative case analysis within the context of sustainable supply and demand chain management. Finally, we try to base on the analysis we have down at before and support some methods to solve them. And we also provide the recommendation for the supply chain management; we believe by McDonalds advanced management system they will have a sustainable development on the business, especially for the supply chain management. References Holweg, M. and Pil, F. 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(1991), Performance Measurement for World Class Manufacturing, Productivity Press, Portland, OR Slack, N. (1991), The Manufacturing Advantage, Mercury Books, London McDonalds Corporation (2008). About McDonalds/McDonalds History (online). Available at: http://www. mcdonalds. com/corp/about. html. Retrieve April 28, 2008 McDonalds Corporation UK (2008). Eat Smart/Whats On/Good News (online). Available at: http://www. mcdonalds. co. uk/ Retrieve April 28, 2008 Lee, Hau L. , and V. Padm anabhan. amp;amp;quot;The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains. amp;amp;quot; Sloan Management Review 38, no. 3 (Spring 1997): 93-103. 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